"The Dura-Europos synagogue is unique among the many ancient synagogues that have emerged from archaeological digs in that it was preserved virtually intact. It is one of the oldest synagogues in the world. Discovered in 1932 at Dura-Europos, in modern Syria it was dated by an Aramaic inscription to 244 CE. It contains a forecourt and house of assembly with frescoed walls depicting people and animals, and a Torah shrine in the western wall facing Jerusalem. The frescoes are now displayed in the National Museum of Damascus. Because of these frescoes, the synagogue was at first mistaken for a Greek temple.The painted scenes of stories include Moses receiving the Law, Moses leading the Hebrews out of Egypt, and many others.

It is thought that the Synagogue was used in part as an instructional display to educate and teach the history and laws of the religion. Some think that this synagogue was painted in order to compete with the many other religions practiced in Dura Europos. The large-scale pictorial art in the synagogue helps to dispel narrow interpretations of historically prohibited visual images." -- from Wikipedia